Seismic Isolation and Damping Products: Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam

Hauv Suav teb, kev faib tawm ntawmseismic cais thiab damping cov khoomyog tswj hwm los ntawm covKev faib ua lag luam rau National Economic Activities (GB/T 4754-2017), uas categorizes manufacturing qhauj raws li cov khoom siv thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov khoom no poob rau hauv qhov dav "Manufacturing" sector (Category C) nrog cov subclassifications tshwj xeeb raws li hauv qab no:

• Roj hmab- cov khoom siv (e.g., Ntuj Roj Hmab Bearings, Lead-Rubber Bearings, Siab -Damping Rubber Bearings): Muab faib raws li Txoj Cai 2919 ("Lwm Yam Khoom Siv Roj Hmab"), ib feem ntawm "Rubber thiab Plastic Products Industry" (Qeb 29). Cov khoom no siv lub zog elastic thiab damping ntawm cov roj hmab kom cais cov seismic nthwv dej, ua rau lawv siv dav hauv kev tsim cov hauv paus thiab qis - mus rau - nruab nrab - cov qauv nce.
• Hlau- cov khoom siv(e.g., Hlau Yield Dampers, Kev sib txhuam Pendulum Bearings): Raws li Txoj Cai 3399 ("Lwm yam khoom siv hlau tsis muaj kev tsim khoom") nyob rau hauv "Cov Khoom Siv Hlau" (Qeb 33). Hlau dampers dissipate seismic zog los ntawm cov yas deformation, thaum kev sib txhuam pendulum bearings txuas ntxiv cov txheej txheem ntawm zawv zawg mechanisms, haum rau txuas hniav thiab ntev -span lug.
• Hydraulic thiab viscous dampers: Muab faib raws li Code 3444 ("Hydraulic Fais Fab Machinery thiab Cheebtsam Manufacturing") nyob rau hauv "Kev Lag Luam Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob" (Qeb 34). Cov kev nrawm no- nyob ntawm cov dampers siv cov kua dej viscosity los nqus lub zog, zoo tagnrho rau cov tsev siab - nce siab thiab choj seismic reinforcement.
• GeneralKev sib cais thiab kev vibration -damping Cheebtsam:Cov npe nyob rau hauv Cov Khoom Muag Khoom Txheeb Xyuas Cov Cai 3650040206 thiab 3650040207 ("Cov Khoom Siv Dav Hlau"), ib feem ntawm "Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Cov Sealing" (Code 365004).

Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv: Kev cais tawm seismic thiab damping technical services (xws li, tsim, installation, kuaj) yog categorized nyob rau hauv "Kev Tsim Kho" sector (Category E), tshwj xeeb hauv Code 50 ("Lub Tsev Txhim Kho Kev Lag Luam") lossis Code 54 ("Kev Pabcuam Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Lag Luam").

Thoob ntiaj teb,seismic cais thiab damping cov khoomraug cais raws li ob lub hauv paus loj: North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) thiab Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in European Community (NACE).

2.1 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

Roj hmab-raws li seismic khoom: NAICS Code 326299 ("Lwm Yam Khoom Siv Roj Hmab")

Hlau -raws li seismic khoom: NAICS Code 332999 ("Lwm Yam Khoom Siv Khoom Hlau")

Mechanical dampers thiab cais cov cuab yeej: NAICS Code 333999 ("Lwm Lwm Yam Khoom Siv Lub Hom Phiaj")

2.2 European Classification of Economic Activities (NACE)

Manufacturing ntawmseismic cais thiab damping cov khoom: NACE Code C22 ("Kev tsim cov roj hmab thiab cov khoom siv yas") lossis C25 ("Kev tsim cov khoom siv hlau, tshwj tsis yog cov tshuab thiab khoom siv")

Kev pab cuam rauseismic cais: NACE Code F42 ("Kev tsim kho ntawm pej xeem engineering ua haujlwm") lossis M74 ("Kev tshaj lij, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev ua haujlwm")

Raws li cov qauv txheej txheem thiab cov qauv tsim,seismic cais thiab damping cov khoomyog kev lag luam-tus qauv tau muab faib ua ob pawg tseem ceeb:cov khoom sib cais thiab cov khoom damping,txhua qhov sib txawv sub- hom haum rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb engineering

3.1 Cov khoom sib cais

Cov khoom sib cais ua haujlwm los ntawm kev sib cais cov qauv los ntawm kev txav hauv av seismic, txuas ntxiv rau lub sijhawm ntuj tsim los txo seismic rog. Qhov tseem ceeb sub- hom muaj xws li:

• Roj hmab Isolation Bearings: suav nrogNtuj Roj Hmab Bearings (LNR), Lead -Rubber Bearings (LRB), thiabSiab -Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB). Cov khoom no siv cov roj hmab elasticity los cais cov seismic tsis thiablead cores (hauv LRB)los yogsiab -damping roj hmab (hauv HDRB)kom dissipate zog. Siv dav hauv kev tsim cov hauv paus thiab nruab nrab - cov qauv nce.
• Sliding Isolation Devices:Xws liKev sib txhuam Pendulum Bearings (FPS)thiabElastic zawv zawg Bearings. FPSsiv tus kheej kheej zawv zawg qhov chaw los txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm ntawm cov qauv thiab kev sib txhuam kom tawg lub zog, haum rau cov txuas hniav, ntev - ncua cov qauv, thiab cov tsev siab siab - nce siab.
• Lwm yam khoom cais: Steel Spring Isolation Bearings thiab Air Spring Isolators, uas siv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav elasticity cais cov vibrations. Feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv, cov cuab yeej precision, thiab cov tsev tshwj xeeb.

3.2 Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (Shock Absorber)

Cov khoom siv dampingdissipate seismic zog los txo cov qauv kev co, tsis muaj decoupling cov qauv ntawm hauv av. Lawv tau categorized raws li lub zog dissipation mechanisms:

• Kev nrawm-Dependent Dampers:Viscous DampersthiabViscoelastic Dampers. Cov no siv cov kua dej viscosity los yog cov khoom viscoelasticity kom dissipate lub zog, siv tau nyob rau hauv siab -nce vaj tse, txuas hniav, thiab seismic retrofitting tej yaam num.
• Kev tshem tawm -Dependent Dampers: Hlau Yield DampersthiabBuckling{0}}Txoj hlua khi (BRB).Cov no cia siab rau cov yas deformation ntawm cov hlau kom nqus tau lub zog, siv dav hauv cov qauv tsim thiab cov phab ntsa shear.
• Composite Dampers: Tuned Mass Dampers (TMD)thiabTuned Liquid Dampers (TLD).Cov no ua ke cov huab hwm coj- caij nplooj ntoos hlav- damper tshuab los tiv thaiv cov qauv kev co, zoo tagnrho rau cov tsev siab siab - nce siab, cov qauv siab, thiab ntev - cov qauv spatial.

Seismic cais thiab damping cov khoomua hauj lwm sib txawv downstream sectors, nrog rau cov khoom specifications thiab kev ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv thov scenario. Cov ntu tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov yog:

4.1 Kev tsim kho vaj tse

Cov khoom tseem ceeb:Lub tsev cais bearings, viscous dampers, hlau dampers. Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb suav nrog cov vaj tsev pej xeem (cov tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob), super high-cov tsev nce siab, thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam kab lis kev cai. Tsav los ntawm cov cai tswj hwm seismic cais nyob rau hauv siab -seismic- thaj chaw siv zog, ntu no yog tus tsav tsheb loj.

4.2 Tsheb thauj mus los Infrastructure

Cov khoom tseem ceeb:Choj cais bearings, expansion sib koomshock absorbing khoom,tunnel seismic isolation systems. Siv nyob rau hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau choj, tsheb ciav hlau hauv nroog, thiab hla- tus choj hla dej / hiav txwv. Kev loj hlob ntawm kev nqis peev hauv kev lag luam hauv Asia-Pacific thiab cov lag luam tawm tshiab ua rau muaj kev xav tau hauv ntu no.

4.3 Cov Khoom Siv Muaj

Cov khoom tseem ceeb: Cov khoom siv cais tawm, cov kav xa dej poob siab absorbing brackets. Siv rau hauv cov cuab yeej precision, cov tshuab hnyav, thiab cov cuab yeej tsim hluav taws xob. Kev nthuav dav ntawm siab -kawg cov cuab yeej tsim khoom nce kev thov rau cov kev tswj xyuas kev vibration precision.

4.4 Lwm Daim Ntawv Thov

Cov khoom tseem ceeb: Cov ntaub ntawv cais tawm, cov ntaub ntawv cais tawm. Siv nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab, renovation tej yaam num, thiab ib ntus vaj tse. Cov ntu no nta cov kev txwv tsis pub nkag thiab ntau yam khoom tshwj xeeb.

• Classification Overlap: Qee cov khoom (piv txwv li,Lead-Rubber Bearings) muab kev sib cais thiab kev ua haujlwm damping, xav tau kev faib tawm raws li lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.
• Kev lag luam kev sib txuas: Kev tsim khoom ntawmseismic cais thiab damping cov khoomyog txuas nrog rau kev tsim kho, kev thauj mus los, thiab kev lag luam machinery. Kev lag luam kev loj hlob yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kev cai qis qis thiab kev thov.
• Txuj kev ua raws cai: Kev faib khoom lag luam yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv hauv tebchaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb, xws li Tuam Tshoj tusCode rauSeismic IsolationTsim Cov Tsev (GB/T 51408-2021), Roj Hmab Bearingsrau Choj Seismic Isolation (GB 20688.2-2006), thiab cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb xws li ASCE 7-22 (US) thiab EN 15129 (Tebchaws Europe).