Kev Taw Qhia rau Clause 3.3 (Cov ntawv luv) hauv EN 15129: 2018
EN 15129: 2018, European Standard tswj hwmanti- cov khoom siv seismic, tso siab rau kev sib txuas lus meej thiab zoo ib yam los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, ua raws, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim, tsim khoom, thiab kev sivseismic tiv thaiv technologies. Ntawm nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus,Nqe 3.3 "Cov ntawv luv"sawv tawm los ua ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau streamlining technical discourse. Teeb duab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sivEN 15129-2018 tus qauv, cov nqe lus no suav nrog 34 siab - cov ntawv luv luv, teeb tsa lawv ua tsib pawg ua haujlwm uas sib haum nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawmanti- khoom siv seismicxyaum. Los ntawm kev ua qauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntawv luv luv thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus kev txawj ntse, Clause 3.3 tshem tawm qhov tsis meej pem los ntawm lub cheeb tsam lossis lub koom haum "kev sib txawv" thiab ua haujlwm raws li "tus choj txuas lus" thoob ntiaj teb txuas rau txhua ntu ntawm tus qauv.
I. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm nqe lus 3.3: Kev sib txuas lus yooj yim yam tsis muaj qhov tseeb
Hauv thaj teb ntawmanti-seismic engineering, cov ntsiab lus technical feem ntau suav nrog cov kab lus ntev, nyuaj (piv txwv li, "Cov kua dej viscous damper"los yog"Zog Dissipating Device"). Kev rov ua cov ntsiab lus tag nrho hauv cov qauv kos duab, cov ntawv xeem, lossis cov qauv ntawv yuav ua rau rov ua dua, txo qis kev nyeem ntawv, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhais lus yuam kev ntau ntxiv. Nqe 3.3 hais txog qhov kev sib tw no los ntawm kev muab cov kab lus no rau hauv cov lus luv luv, nco tau (xws li, "FVD"rau"Cov kua dej viscous damper").
Qhov tseem ceeb, cov ntawv luv luv no tsis yog arbitrary. Txhua tus yog khi rau ib qho kev txhais tshwj xeeb hauvClause 3.1 (Cov ntsiab lus thiab txhais)thiab aligns nrog cov cim hauvNqe 3.2 (Symbols), tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke "txhais lus-cim-abbreviation" lub moj khaum. Piv txwv li:
- Lub abbreviation "EDD" (Zog Dissipating Device) ncaj qha mus rau lub sij hawm uas tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv Clause 3.1, uas piav txog cov cuab yeej tsom rau dissipating seismic zog.
- Lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm EDD yog suav nrog siv "EDC" (Energy Dissipation per Cycle), ib qho luv luv txuas rau lub cim "H" (zog dissipated ib lub voj voog) hauv nqe lus 3.2.
Qhov kev sib koom ua ke no ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua qhov kev sau luv yog lub ntsiab lus meej, tus qauv qauv - tseem ceeb rau kev hla - ciam teb kev sib koom ua ke thoob plaws 30+ CEN cov tswv cuab lub teb chaws tau them los ntawm EN 15129: 2018.
II. Categorized Analysis ntawm Cov Cim Tseem Ceeb
Clause 3.3's abbreviations yog tsim los ntawm lawv cov kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv -seismic device xyaum, ua rau lawv yooj yim nrhiav thiab siv tau. Hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog tsib pawg tseem ceeb:
1. Cov ntawv luv rau Anti-Seismic Device Types
Cov pawg no suav nrog 10 cov ntawv luv luv uas paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm lawv cov kev coj ua thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb -tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov cuab yeej thiab kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm.
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Tsis muaj. |
Cov ntawv luv |
Tag Nrho Lub Sijhawm |
Technical Context & Application |
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1 |
DRD |
Dynamically Re-Centring Device |
Ib lub cuab yeej uas kho cov qauv rov qab rau lawv qhov chaw qub tom ntej- av qeeg siv cov txheej txheem dynamic (xws li, hloov kho qhov tawv nqaij). Nws ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ceev, ua rau nws haum rau siab -seismic- thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo uas rov qab los sai yog qhov tseem ceeb. |
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2 |
Ib qho cuab yeej tsim feem ntau los nqus thiab dissipate seismic zog. Kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev ntsuas lub voj voog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txo qis cov lus teb hauv siab -seismic- cov vaj tse thiab cov txuas hniav. |
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3 |
FSD |
Fluid Spring Damper |
Ua ke cov kua dej viscous zog dissipation nrog caij nplooj ntoos hlav-raws li kev kho kom nruj. Nws cov zis yog nyob ntawm ob qho tib si kev txav ceev thiab kev txav chaw, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov qauv nrog cov khoom hnyav hnyav uas xav tau ob qho tib si lub zog nqus thiab kev txhawb nqa nruj. |
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4 |
Tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov tsis kam ntawm cov kua dej khov uas ntws los ntawm cov orifices / valve kom dissipate lub zog. Nws cov zis yog ncaj qha proportional rau cov lus tsa suab ceev, muab kev ruaj khov damping kev ua tau zoo-ib lub zog siv ntau tshaj -dissipating li. |
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5 |
HD |
Hardening Device |
Ib subclass ntawm Non-Linear Devices (NLDs) nrog nruj uas nce raws li kev hloov chaw loj hlob (hardening load-txoj kev nkhaus). Nws ua tau zoo txwv cov qauv deformation ntau dhau, siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas kev hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb. |
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6 |
LD |
Linear Device |
Ib qho khoom siv nrog ib qho kab los yog ze rau -linear load- kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev xa tawm, qhia tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tom qab tshem tawm. Nws muaj kev coj tus cwj pwm ruaj khov, tsim nyog rau qis -seismic- thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo lossis cov qauv uas yuav tsum tau hloov chaw tsawg. |
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7 |
NLD |
Tsis Siv Neeg Linear |
Ib qho khoom siv uas tsis yog- cov khoom thauj khoom tsis sib xws- kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib hloov, muaj zog ua kom muaj zog- dissipating, hardening, thiab softening cwj pwm. Txhais los ntawm kev sim bilinear cyclic, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv rau siab -seismic- thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo. |
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8 |
NLED |
Tsis yog Linear Elastic Ntaus |
Ib subclass ntawm NLDs uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj zog tshaj qhov tawg (elastic cia deb tshaj li lub zog dissipated). Nws rov qab mus rau nws lub xeev qub tom qab tshem tawm, haum rau cov qauv xav tau ob qho tib si nruj thiab tsawg zog nqus. |
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9 |
PCD |
Device txuas mus tas li |
Siv rau kev sib txuas mus tas li seismic ntawm cov khoom siv. Nws haum rau kev sib hloov thiab kev txav ntsug yam tsis muaj kev sib kis lub sijhawm bending lossis ntsug loads, cais raws li "ib zaug-kev taw qhia txav" lossis "dual- kev taw qhia tsau" raws li kev txwv tsis pub. |
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10 |
SD |
Softening Device |
Ib subclass ntawm NLDs nrog nruj uas txo qis thaum hloov chaw loj hlob (softening load-txoj kev nkhaus). Nws dissipates lub zog los ntawm saj zawg zog deformation, siv nyob rau hauv cov qauv pob qij txha xav tau lub zog nqus ntawm deformation. |
2. Cov ntawv luv rau Seismic Isolation Bearings
Pawg no muaj 4 cov ntawv luv luv tshwj xeeb raucais bearings-cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawmseismic isolation systems-Qhov txawv ntawm lawv los ntawm cov khoom siv, cov khoom damping, thiab cov qauv tsim.
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TSIS MUAJ. |
Cov ntawv luv |
Tag Nrho Lub Sijhawm |
Technical Context & Application |
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11 |
Roj hmab bearing nrog siab damping zog, ua rau ob leeg "cais tawm thiab lub zog dissipation" yam tsis muaj dampers ntxiv. Zoo tagnrho rau me me - mus rau - nruab nrab - txuas txuas thiab qis - nce vaj tsev nrog qhov chaw tsawg. |
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12 |
Roj hmab bearing nrog qis damping, tsom feem ntau ntawm kev sib cais (txuas ntxiv cov txheej txheem ntuj tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov tau). Nws xav tau kev sib koom ua ke nrog EDDs ywj siab rau lub zog dissipation, tsim nyog rau cov qauv ua ntej kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib cais. |
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13 |
Roj hmab bearing nrog ib sab hauvcoj core. Covcoj coredissipates lub zog thaum yielding, thaum cov roj hmab txheej muab ntsug load- bearing thiab kab rov tav cais. Nws sib npaug kev ruaj ntseg thiab lub zog dissipation, ua rau nws siv ntau tshaj plaws kev sib cais bearing hom. |
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14 |
PPRB |
Polymer Plug Rubber Bearing |
Cov kabmob roj hmab siv cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tsis siv cov hlau cores. Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab tsis tshua muaj txij nkawm, sib piv LRB kev ua haujlwm thaum hloov mus rau qhov chaw hnyav (xws li, ntug hiav txwv lossis siab - thaj chaw corrosion). |
3. Cov ntawv luv rau kev txwv thiab Re-Centring Devices
Cov 7 cov ntawv luv no tsom rau cov khoom siv uas ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab rov qab los tom qab- av qeeg, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj mus tas li.
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TSIS MUAJ. |
Cov ntawv luv |
Tag Nrho Lub Sijhawm |
Technical Context & Application |
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15 |
FR |
Fuse Restraint |
Ib qho cuab yeej txwv nrog lub zog preset ("breakthrough force"). Hauv qab qhov pib, nws txwv kev sib txheeb ntawm cov qauv txav; saum toj no, nws "fuses" (tso cai txav) los tiv thaiv lub ntsiab qauv (xws li, seismic stoppers rau txuas hniav). |
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16 |
HFR |
Hydraulic Fuse Restraint |
Ib qho khoom siv FR raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus hydraulic, siv lub valve nyem los tswj qhov "fusing" quab yuam pib. Nws muaj cov lus teb ceev ceev thiab kev tswj xyuas nruj, haum rau cov qauv loj (piv txwv li, ntev -span txuas hniav) uas xav tau kev sib txuas siab. |
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17 |
MFR |
Mechanic Fuse Restraint |
Ib qho khoom siv FR uas tso siab rau cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm (xws li cov hlau tsis muaj zog) rau "fuse." Nws muaj cov qauv yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis, haum rau me me - mus rau - cov qauv nruab nrab lossis cov xwm txheej txwv ib ntus. |
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18 |
NRD |
Tsis yog Re{0}}Centring Device |
Ib qho khoom siv uas tsis muaj tus kheej -qhov muaj peev xwm nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw tshaj tawm- av qeeg, qhia txog kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Feem ntau lub zog dawb huv-dissipating tivthaiv (piv txwv li, qee qhov FVDs), nws yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog re-cov khoom siv nruab nrab rau cov txheej txheem rov qab los. |
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19 |
RCD |
Re-Centring Device |
Lub ntsiab lus lub kaus rau cov khoom siv ua kom muaj kev tshaj tawm - av qeeg tus kheej - nruab nrab (xws li StrRDs thiab SRCDs). Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txo qhov seem seem, txo cov nqi xa tawm - av qeeg. |
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20 |
SR |
Kev Txhaum Cai (Fuse) Restraint |
Zoo ib yam li FR cov khoom siv, nws tus qauv tsim ua ntej "kev txi nws tus kheej los tiv thaiv tus qauv." Nws absorbs seismic zog los ntawm tej yam tsis ua hauj lwm (piv txwv li, sacrificial seem), tiv thaiv lub ntsiab qauv. |
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21 |
SRCD |
Ntxiv Re-Centring Device |
Ib qho cuab yeej pab txhawb nqa lub cev- dav re- nruab nrab, feem ntau ua ke nrog EDDs: EDDs dissipate zog, thaum SRCDs tawm tsam tsis yog - kev txuag zog (xws li, kev sib txhuam) los kho cov qauv rau nws qhov qub. |
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22 |
SRD |
Statically Re-Centring Device |
Ib lub cuab yeej ua tiav rov qab - nruab nrab ntawm qhov tawv nqaij zoo li qub, nrog rau kev thauj khoom - kev hloov pauv hloov mus rau qhov chaw pib- kev caij tsheb kauj vab (tseem tshuav tsawg kawg nkaus). Tsis xav tau kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, haum rau cov xwm txheej uas xav tau siab dua -centering precision. |
4. Cov ntawv luv rau kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo
Cov 5 cov ntawv luv luv no sawv cev rau cov qauv ntsuas kom muaj nuj nqis rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua tau zoo, ua lub hauv paus rau kev ua raws li kev txheeb xyuas.
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TSIS MUAJ |
Cov ntawv luv |
Tag Nrho Lub Sijhawm |
Technical Context & Application |
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23 |
DP |
Tsim cov khoom |
Cov cim qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom siv (xws li, nruj, damping piv, qhov muaj peev xwm hloov chaw). Siv los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim kho thiab kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, nws ua raws cov cim hauv Clause 3.2 (xws li Keff, b, eff, b) |
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24 |
EDC |
Energy Dissipation per Cycle |
Lub zog dissipated los ntawm ib tug ntaus ntawv ib lub voj voog load. Qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb rau EDD kev ua tau zoo grading (siab dua EDC=zog zog dissipation), nws yog ntsuas los ntawm cyclic load testing. |
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25 |
LBDP |
Lower Bound Design Properties |
Yam tsawg kawg nkaus tso cai rau cov khoom tsim, ua kom cov cuab yeej ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav (xws li av qeeg tsawg). Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tseem ceeb kev ruaj ntseg cia (xws li, yam tsawg kawg nkaus stiffness, yam tsawg kawg nkaus zog dissipation). |
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26 |
NDP |
Lub teb chaws txiav txim siab Parameters |
Localized parameters teem los ntawm CEN cov tswvcuab lub teb chaws raws li seismic kev pheej hmoo thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom (xws li, kev ntseeg tau ntawm qhov tseem ceeb). Xav txog kev hloov pauv hauv cheeb tsam, nws yuav tsum tau siv nrog lub teb chaws seismic codes (piv txwv li, EN 1998). |
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27 |
UBDP |
Upper Bound Design Properties |
Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai rau cov khoom tsim, tiv thaiv cov nqi pov tseg lossis cov lus teb tsis zoo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau (piv txwv li, txwv qhov siab tshaj plaws kom ntseeg tau tias lub sijhawm sib cais yuav tsum tau ua tiav). |
5. Cov ntawv luv rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev sim
Cov ntawv luv 8 no suav nrog kev tswj hwm kev tsim khoom, cov khoom siv kuaj, thiab cov qauv tsim, kom ntseeg tau tias tag nrho - kev ua raws li lub neej ntawm kev tiv thaiv - cov khoom siv seismic.
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Tsis muaj. |
Cov ntawv luv |
Tag Nrho Lub Sijhawm |
Technical Context & Application |
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28 |
DSC |
Sib txawv Scanning Calorimeter |
Cov khoom siv rau kev ntsuas cov khoom siv thermal (xws li iav hloov kub, thermal stability ntawm roj hmab). Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv- cov khoom siv seismic (xws li, ua kom cov roj hmab bearings tuav elasticity nyob rau hauv huab cua kub). |
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29 |
FPC |
Factory Production Control |
Ib qho kev ruaj ntseg hauv kev tswj hwm kev tsim khoom siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv raw, kev tshuaj xyuas ntau lawm, thiab kuaj cov khoom tiav. Yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau qhov sib xws hauv pawg- cov khoom tsim tawm. |
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30 |
SMA |
Lub cim xeeb Alloys |
Cov alloys tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, npib tsib xee-titanium) nrog cov teebmeem kev nco. Siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv- cov khoom siv seismic (piv txwv li, re-cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab), lawv rov qab kho lawv cov qauv qub tom qab- av qeeg los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. |
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31 |
SLS |
Serviceability Limit State |
Ib lub xeev uas cov qauv lossis cov cuab yeej ua tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv txhua hnub (xws li, kev hloov pauv ntau dhau los tiv thaiv lub qhov rooj / qhov rai, kev vibration ntau dhau rau kev nplij siab). Tsim yuav tsum tswj cov cuab yeej ua tau zoo ntawm SLS kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub. |
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32 |
STU |
Shock-Tshooj kis |
Ib lub cuab yeej xa cov kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, tsheb sib tsoo) thaum tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm kev thauj khoom txhua hnub. Nws qhia tau hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo nyob rau hauv qis- ceev loads thiab muab kev sib txuas nruj nyob rau hauv siab - kev cuam tshuam ceev, haum rau cov choj txuas txuas ntxiv. |
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33 |
TCD |
Ib ntus Connecting Device |
Ib qho khoom siv txuas rau cov theem kev tsim kho lossis ib ntus seismic retrofitting. Nws muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yuav tsum tau ua thaum ua kom muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm lossis rov pib dua tom qab siv, tsis yog ib feem ntawm lub sijhawm ntev - seismic system. |
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34 |
ULS |
Ultimate Limit State |
Ib lub xeev uas cov qauv lossis cov khoom siv ncav cuag lawv cov load-cov kabmob muaj peev xwm (piv txwv li, tawg, yielding, instability). Kev tsim qauv yuav tsum xyuas kom cov khoom siv tsis ua rau lub neej- hem kev puas tsuaj ntawm ULS, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim seismic. |
III. Tus nqi Indispensable ntawm Clause 3.3
Clause 3.3 yog ntau tshaj li "cov npe ntawm cov shortcuts" -nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm EN 15129: 2018 qhov ua tau zoo, xa plaub qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb:
1. Txhim khu kev sib txuas lus zoo
Los ntawm kev txo cov ntsiab lus ntev mus rau 3-4 cov cim luv luv (piv txwv li, "FVD"es yog"Cov kua dej viscous damper"), Clause 3.3 txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis, kev tshuaj xyuas tsim, thiab hla - pab pawg sib tham. Cov lus zoo li "Lub EDC ntawm lubFVDyuav tsum muaj ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 3 kJ" yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, txo lub sijhawm nyeem ntawv thiab txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia.
2. Ua kom tus qauv zoo ib yam
Cov kev hloov hauv cheeb tsam lossis cov koom haum sib txawv hauv cov ntsiab lus (xws li "seismic fuse" vs. "fuse restraint") tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsim teeb meem lossis kev sim tsis sib xws. Clause 3.3 tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo no los ntawm kev txib ib qho - rau -ib qhov txuas ntawm cov ntawv luv thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus -"FR" ib txwm txhais tau tias "Fuse Restraint," tsis hais qhov chaw lossis lub koom haum.
3. Kaw qhov Technical Loop
Clause 3.3 integrates nrog Clause 3.1 (cov nqe lus) thiab Clause 3.2 (symbols) los ua ib tug ua tiav technical moj khaum. Piv txwv li:
Clause 3.1 txhais "Non Linear Device (NLD)";
Clause 3.3 shortens nws mus rau "NLD" rau rov siv dua hauv cov qauv tsim tom qab;
Clause 3.2 muab cov cim zoo li K_1 (thawj ceg tawv tawv) los ntsuas qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm NLD.
Lub voj no ua kom tsis muaj qhov khoob lossis tsis sib xws hauv kev txhais lus.
4. Txo Cov Teeb Meem hauv Pan-Kev Lag Luam Tebchaws Europe
EN 15129: 2018 siv rau ntau tshaj 30 CEN lub teb chaws. Lub kaw lus sau ua ke tso cai rau tus neeg tsim khoom German "FVD"yuav tsum tau lees paub tam sim ntawd"Cov kua dej viscous damper" hauv tebchaws Ltalis, Fabkis, lossis Spain- tshem tawm cov kev txwv kev hais lus thiab ua kom yooj yim hla - kev lag luam ciam teb thiab kev sib koom tes.
Xaus
Clause 3.3 (Cov ntawv luv luv) hauv EN 15129: 2018 yog "cov lus qhia yooj yim" thiab "tus tswj hwm kev sib raug zoo" rauanti- khoom siv seismickev lag luam. Los ntawm kev teeb tsa 34 lub ntsiab lus luv luv rau hauv pawg ua haujlwm, nws hloov cov ntsiab lus nyuaj rau hauv kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo -ib qho uas ua raws li lwm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tus qauv thiab txhawb kev nyab xeeb, ua raws, thiab kev sib koom ua ke seismic engineering xyaum thoob plaws Europe. Rau cov engineers, manufacturers, thiab regulators, mastering cov ntawv luv no tsis yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm kev ua raws cai- nws yog tus yuam sij rau kev qhib tag nrho cov nqi ntawm EN 15129: 2018 thiab tsim av qeeg -cov qauv zoo.
