Kev Taw Qhia Txog Kev Pom Zoo Rau Kev Tsim Cov Tsev Nyob Hauv Ib Cheeb Tsam

Kev pom zoo rau kev tsim ntawmBase Isolated Buildings(Suav lub npe: 隔震结构设计), muab tso ua ke los ntawm Architectural Institute ntawm Nyiv (AIJ) thiab txhais los ntawm Liu Wenguang nrog proofreading los ntawm Feng Demin, yog thawj zaug luam tawm los ntawm Earthquake Press nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2005. Raws li ib tug landmark ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauvseismic isolation engineering, phau ntawv no systematically nthuav qhia cov qauv tsim, cov ntsiab lus kev ua haujlwm, cov ntaub ntawv siv tau, thiab cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa ntawmhauv paus-cov tsev cais, ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov kws tsim qauv tsim qauv, cov kws tshawb fawb, thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm thoob ntiaj teb-tshwj xeeb yog cov nyob hauvav qeeg- thaj chaw uas nyobzoo li Nyiv, Asmeskas, thiab Europe.

Phau ntawv tau tsim ua plaub ntu, txhua qhov muaj qhov ua haujlwm tau zoo:

1. Part 1: Tsim ntawmBase Isolated Structures: Tsom ntsoov rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawmcais cov qauv, lub ntsiab lus ntawmCov cuab yeej cais tawm, tsim cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, nkag mus rau hauv av, thiab kev tsim qauv. Nws tso lub hauv paus theoretical rau kev tsim qauv.
2. Ntu 2: Lus piav qhia ntim: Ua kom nkag siab tob txog cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb, xws li kev ua tau zoo ntawmcais cov qauv,tsim ntawmcais bearings (e.g., laminated roj hmab bearings), kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm damper, thiab kev kwv yees hauv av.
3. Ntu 3: Cov qauv tsim: Muab 7 qhov teeb meem (xws li, siab- cov tsev ua haujlwm siab, tsev kho mob, cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv) los ua kom pom tias yuav siv cov txheej txheem theoretical li cas rau qhov tiag- cov xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb, suav nrog cov kev daws teeb meem rau cov hauv paus hauv av thiabseismic retrofittingntawm cov tsev uas twb muaj lawm.
4. Ntu 4: Tsim cov ntaub ntawv ntim: Muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws technical parameters raucais bearings, cov dampers, thiab kev txav hauv av, suav nrog cov khoom siv, kev suav cov tawv nqaij, thiab cov qauv ntsuas kev ua haujlwm -tseem ceeb rau kev tsim qauv.

Phau ntawv hais txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawmhauv paus-cov tsev caisnyob ntawm qhov tseem ceebCov cuab yeej cais tawmthiabzog dissipationcov khoom. Hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia ntxaws txog cov khoom tseem ceeb, lawv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, thiab cov qauv tsim.

2.1 Kev rho tawm Bearings

Kev rho tawm bearingsyog cov tub ntxhais ntawm cov txheej txheem cais, lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhawb nqa ntsug loads thiab decoupling kab rov tav seismic motion. Phau ntawv tsom mus rau peb yam tseem ceeb:

2.1.1 Laminated Roj Hmab Bearings

Ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib hloov ntawm cov roj hmab thiab cov hlau phaj, lawv muaj qhov siab ntsug thiab tsis tshua muaj kab rov tav -ua kom lawv cais cov kab rov tav seismic motion thaum txhawb nqa lub tsev qhov hnyav. Lawv tau muab faib ua peb hom subtypes raws li kev ua haujlwm:

1. Ntuj Roj Hmab Bearings (NRB): Siv cov roj hmab ntuj nrog zoo elasticity thiab tsis tshua muaj damping. Lawv xav tau kev sib txuam nrog cov dampers ywj siab los nqus seismic zog.
2. Siab -Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB): Sib tov cov roj hmab ntuj / hluavtaws nrog damping- txhim kho cov khoom ntxiv (xws li, carbon dub). Lawv koom ua ke lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab damping zog, tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntxiv dampers. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov tawv thiab damping yog rhiab rau qhov kub thiab txias (xws li, qhov sib npaug damping piv txo qis nrog qhov kub thiab txias).
3. Lead-Core Roj Hmab Bearings (LRB): Ntxig ib lub taub hau rau hauv nruab nrab ntawmNRBs. Cov hlau lead yields plastically nyob rau hauv seismic motion kom nqus tau lub zog, tsim ib tug ruaj khov bilinear hysteretic nkhaus. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Yield force thiab post-yield stiffness; txhuas core txoj kab uas hla feem ntau yog 10-20% ntawm cov kab uas hla.

2.1.2 Sliding Bearings

Cia siab rau zawv zawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (xws li PTFE thiab stainless hlau) raucais seismic motion, siv kev sib txhuam kom dissipate zog. Lawv muab faib ua:

1. Rigid Sliding Bearings: Tsis muaj zog rov qab elasticity; feem ntau yog siv rau qis-load Cheebtsam (piv txwv li, staircases). Lawv xav tau kev sib txuam nrog cov ntsiab lus elastic (xws li,NRBs) los kho qhov chaw tom qab av qeeg.
2. Elastic zawv zawg Bearings:Ua ke ib txheej zawv zawg nrog lub laminated roj hmab bearing. Cov roj hmab txheej muab me me - deformation elasticity, thaum lub zawv zawg txheej cais loj seismic motion. Kev sib txhuam coefficient yog qhov tseem ceeb-feem ntau 0.02-0.12 rau PTFE-stainless hlau ua ke.

2.2 Dampers

Dampers ntxivcais bearingslos ntawm absorbing seismic zog thiab txwv kev rho tawm txheej txheem. Phau ntawv categorizes lawv raws lizog dissipationmechanisms:

2.2.1Hysteretic Dampers

Dissipate lub zoglos ntawm cov yas deformation ntawm cov hlau los yog kev sib txhuam:

1. Hlau Bar Dampers: Siv cov hlau me me ntawm cov yas deformation; hysteretic nkhaus yog spindle-puab. Lawv muaj cov kav ntev, tab sis yuav tsum tau loj deformation los ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam.
2. Lead Dampers: Cia siab rau cov hlau lead cov yas ntws; ruaj khov hysteretic yam ntxwv thiab tsis tshua muaj rhiab heev rau kub. Yield quab yuam yog adjustable los ntawm kev hloov txhuas txoj kab uas hla.
3. Kev sib txhuam Dampers: Siv kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag (xws li, caij nplooj ntoos hlav-loaded steel phaj). Hysteretic curves yog cov duab plaub, haum rau me me - rau - av qeeg.

2.2.2 Viscous Dampers

Dissipate zog los ntawm viscous tsis kam ntawm cov kua los yog cov ntaub ntawv viscoelastic:

1. Roj Dampers: Siv cov kua dej ntws tawm hauv lub piston- lub tog raj kheej qauv. Damping quab yuam yog proportional rau tshaj tawm. Lawv siv tau rau ntev -lub sij hawm seismic motion.
2. Viscoelastic Dampers:Siv shear deformation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv viscoelastic (xws li, roj hmab sib xyaw). Lawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv me me deformations, ua rau lawv haum rau cua vibration tswj thiab av qeeg me me.

Phau ntawv txoj kev tsim qauv yog cov hauv paus hauv Japanese cov qauv, tab sis rau kev siv thoob ntiaj teb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los sib piv lawv nrog US thiab European cov lej. Hauv qab no yog kev sib piv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb (cov lus qhia ntxaws hauv Excel yog muab cais, sau cov kab lus -los ntawm -clause qhov sib txawv).

3.1 Fundamental Design Philosophies

3.2 Tsim Kev Ua Haujlwm hauv av

1, Nyiv:

Siv "zog spectrum" (tus nqi sib npaug sib npaug) los ua tus cwj pwm hauv av, xav txog qhov ntev -cov khoom siv lub sijhawm (tseem ceeb rau cov qauv cais nrog lub sijhawm ntawm 3-5s).

Yuav tsum xav txog bidirectional av motion input; tag nrho lub zog yog qhov suav ntawm NS thiab EW Cheebtsam.

2, U.S.:

Txais "tsim teb spectrum" (ASCE 7) nrog 5% damping; kho rau qhov chaw kawm (A–F) thiab seismic hazard level (S_DS, S_D1).

Raucais cov qauv, yuam kom tsawg kawg 3 cov ntaub ntawv hauv av (2 keeb kwm, 1 hluavtaws) rau lub sijhawm- keeb kwm kev tshuaj xyuas.

3, Teb chaws Europe:

Txhais "elastic design spectrum" thiab "inelastic design spectrum"; Kev faib tawm ntawm qhov chaw yog nyob ntawm qhov nruab nrab shear yoj tshaj tawm.

Xav txog thaj tsam seismic phom sij (Z1-Z3) thiab tsim cov chav kawm tseem ceeb (I-IV); adjusts av motion parameter raws li.

3.3 Isolation Device Performance Requirements

1, Laminated Roj Hmab Bearings:

Nyiv (AIJ): Yuav tsum tau S_1 > 30 , S_2 > 5 ; ntev tshaj plaws -lub sij hawm compressive stress Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 15 N / mm²; shear strain Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 250% hauv qab av qeeg tsawg.

Teb Chaws Asmeskas (FEMA 356): Teem caij ntsuas kev thauj mus los rau cov qauv; Kab rov tav txhav sib txawv Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau ± 15%; durability test rau 50 xyoo kev pabcuam.

Teb chaws Europe (Eurocode 8): Qhia S_1, S_2 ; compressive stress Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 20 N / mm²; shear strain Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 200% rau HDRB.

2, Dampers:

Nyiv: Yuav tsum muaj lub zog nqus dej ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 1.5 npaug ntawm kev tsim seismic input zog.

Teb Chaws Asmeskas: Rau hysteretic dampers, mandates fatigue tests (Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 200 cycles ntawm tsim tawm).

Teb chaws Europe: Yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas dynamic los txheeb xyuas qhov sib piv thiab quab yuam- cov yam ntxwv hloov pauv ntawm qhov sib txawv.

3.4 Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Ntsuam Xyuas

1, Nyiv:

Txhawb "kev tsom xam lub hnab ntawv" (txoj kev yooj yim raws li kev txuag hluav taws xob) rau kev tsim ua ntej; siv sij hawm- keeb kwm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas.

Rau torsion, xav tias cov qauv sab sauv ua lub cev nruj kom yooj yim rau kev suav.

2, U.S.:

Yuav tsum muaj sijhawm - keeb kwm kev tshuaj xyuas rau txhua tuscais cov qauv; cov qauv kev rho tawm cov khoom siv nrog bilinear lossis trilinear hysteretic nkhaus.

Rau siab- cov tsev sib cais nce siab, txoj cai txiav txim siab P-Δ cuam tshuam thiab siab dua- hom kev co.

3, Teb chaws Europe:

Tso cai rau txoj kev sib npaug linearization rauelastic isolation qauv; yuav tsum tau lub sij hawm inelastic - keeb kwm tsom xam raucov khoom siv inelastic.

Ua kom pom tseeb ntawm av - kev txheeb xyuas kev sib cuam tshuam (SSI) rau thaj chaw mos.

3.5 Kev tsim kho thiab tu

1, Nyiv:

Mandates 100% kev soj ntsuam ntawmcais bearingsVertical stiffness, kab rov tav rigidity; post-kev tshuaj ntsuam av qeeg tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kuaj pom.

Yuav tsum tau cimcais tsevtxhawm rau tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem cais tawm.

2, U.S.:

Yuav tsum tau kuaj thib peb - tog thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho; Cov phiaj xwm kev saib xyuas suav nrog kev kuaj pom txhua xyoo thiab 5-xyoo kev xeem kom ntxaws.

3, Teb chaws Europe:

Qhia meej txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom ntev (piv txwv li, roj hmab bearings yuav tsum tiv thaiv ozone thiab kub mus); tswj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg rau 30 xyoo.

Kev pom zoo rau kev tsim ntawmBase Isolated Buildingsmuab lub moj khaum dav rauseismic isolation tsim, nrog rau hauv - qhov tob ntawm cov khoom siv, cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas, thiab cov teeb meem siv tau. Rau cov engineers hauv Nyiv, Asmeskas, thiab Europe, phau ntawv muaj:

Kev nkag siab txog kev siv tshuab cais tawm Nyij Pooj (xws li, ntev- kev cais lub sijhawm rau siab- nce siab thiab qhov chaw mos av).

Lub hauv paus rau kev sib piv thiab txhim kho cov lej hauv zos (xws li, kev sib koom ua ke Nyiv lub zog spectrum rau hauv Asmeskas lossis European kev ua tau zoo-raws li kev tsim).

Kev taw qhia rau hla- tej yaam num ciam teb, ua kom muaj kev ua raws li ntau yam qauv.

Phau ntawv no tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev nce qibseismic cais kev xyaumthoob ntiaj teb, txuas kev theoretical innovation thiab engineering daim ntawv thov.